ISO/OSI Reference Model

Reference Models in Communication Networks

The most important reference models are : OSI reference model. TCP/IP reference model. Introduction to ISO-OSI Model: There are many users who use computer network and are located all over the world. To ensure national and worldwide data communication ISO (ISO stands for International Organization of Standardization.) developed this model. This is called a model …

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ISO/OSI Model in Communication Networks

Communication Networks There are n numbers of users who use computer network and are located over the world. So to ensure, national and worldwide data communication, systems must be developed which are compatible to communicate with each other. ISO has developed this. ISO stands for the International organization of Standardization. This is called a model …

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PHYSICAL Layer – OSI Model In Computer Networks

Physical layer is the lowest layer of all. It is responsible for sending bits from one computer to another. This layer is not concerned with the meaning of the bits and deals with the physical connection to the network and with transmission and reception of signals. This layer defines electrical and physical details represented as …

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DATA LINK Layer – OSI Model In Computer Networks

Data link layer is most reliable node to node delivery of data. It forms frames from the packets that are received from network layer and gives it to physical layer. It also synchronizes the information which is to be transmitted over the data. Error controlling is easily done. The encoded data are then passed to …

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Transport Layer – OSI Model In Computer Networks

The main aim of transport layer is to be delivered the entire message from source to destination. Transport layer ensures whole message arrives intact and in order, ensuring both error control and flow control at the source to destination level. It decides if data transmission should be on parallel path or single path Transport layer …

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Session Layer – OSI Model In Computer Networks

Its main aim is to establish, maintain and synchronize the interaction between communicating systems. Session layer manages and synchronize the conversation between two different applications. Transfer of data from one destination to another session layer streams of data are marked and are resynchronized properly, so that the ends of the messages are not cut prematurely …

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Presentation Layer OSI Model In Computer Networks

Presentation Layer OSI Model In Computer Networks   The primary goal of this layer is to take care of the syntax and semantics of the information exchanged between two communicating systems. Presentation layer takes care that the data is sent in such a way that the receiver will understand the information (data) and will be able …

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Application Layer – OSI Model In Computer Network

Application Layer OSI Model It is the top most layer of OSI Model. Manipulation of data (information) in various ways is done in this layer which enables user or software to get access to the network. Some services provided by this layer includes: E-Mail, transferring of files, distributing the results to user, directory services, network …

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