Binary Tree Traversal Order of Traversal of Binary Tree The following are the possible orders in which a binary tree can be traversed: LDR LRD DLR RDL RLD DRL Where L stands for traversing the left subtree, R stands for traversing the right subtree, and D stands for processing the data of the node. Therefore, the order LDR is the order of traversal in which we …
A Binary Search Tree is a binary tree that may be empty, and every node must contain an identifier. An identifier of any node in the left subtree is less than the identifier of the root. An identifier of any node in the right subtree is greater than the identifier of the root. Both the …
To count the number of nodes in a given binary tree, the tree is required to be traversed recursively until a leaf node is encountered. When a leaf node is encountered, a count of 1 is returned to its previous activation (which is an activation for its parent), which takes the count returned from both …
Counting Nodes of Binary Tree | Tree Data Structure Read More »
Of course, if we are trying to delete a leaf, there is no problem. We just delete it and the rest of the tree is exactly as it was, so it is still a BST. There is another simple situation: suppose the node we’re deleting has only one subtree. In the following example, `3′ has only 1 …
Graphs are natural models that are used to represent arbitrary relationships among data objects. We often need to represent such arbitrary relationships among the data objects while dealing with problems in computer science, engineering, and many other disciplines. Therefore, the study of graphs as one of the basic data structures is important. A Graph is …
Choices of representation Two main data structures for the representation of graphs are used in practice. The first is called an adjacency list, and is implemented by representing each node as a data structure that contains a list of all adjacent nodes. The second is an adjacency matrix, in which the rows and columns of a two-dimensional …
Perhaps the most fundamental graph problem is to traverse every edge and vertex in a graph in a systematic way. Indeed, most of the basic algorithms you will need for book keeping operations on graphs will be applications of graph traversal. These include: Printing or validating the contents of each edge and/or vertex. Copying a …
a Directed Acyclic Graph, also called a dag or DAG, is a directed graph with no directed cycles; that is, for any vertex v, there is no nonempty directed path that starts and ends on v. DAGs appear in models where it doesn’t make sense for a vertex to have a path to itself; for example, if an edge u?v …
DAG (Directed Acyclic Graph) | Graph Data Structure Read More »
There are many applications requiring a search for a particular element. Searching refers to finding out whether a particular element is present in the list. The method that we use for this depends on how the elements of the list are organized. If the list is an unordered list, then we use linear or sequential …
A data object called a symbol table is required to be defined and implemented in many applications, such as compiler/assembler writing. A symbol table is nothing but a set of pairs (name, value), where value represents a collection of attributes associated with the name, and the collection of attributes depends on the program element identified by the name. For example, …
Linear search is a search algorithm, also known as sequential search, that is suitable for searching a set of data for a particular value. It operates by checking every element of a list one at a time in sequence until a match is found. Linear search runs in O(N). If the data are distributed randomly, …
A Binary Search algorithm (or binary chop) is a technique for finding a particular value in a sorted list. It makes progressively better guesses, and closes in on the sought value by selecting the median element in a list, comparing its value to the target value, and determining if the selected value is greater than, …
Bubble sort is a simple sorting algorithm. It works by repeatedly stepping through the list to be sorted, comparing two items at a time and swapping them if they are in the wrong order. The pass through the list is repeated until no swaps are needed, which indicates that the list is sorted. Bubble sorting …
In the quick sort method, an array a[1],…..,a[n] is sorted by selecting some value in the array as a key element. We then swap the first element of the list with the key element so that the key will be in the first position. We then determine the key’s proper place in the list. The …
Merge sort or mergesort is a O(n log n) sorting algorithm. It is easy to implement merge sort such that it is stable, meaning. This is another sorting technique having the same average-case and worst-case time complexities, but requiring an additional list of size n. The technique that we use is the merging of the two sorted lists of size m …
Heapsort is a comparison-based sorting algorithm, and is part of the selection sort family. Although somewhat slower in practice on most machines than a good implementation of quicksort, it has the advantage of a worst-case O(n log n) runtime. Heapsort is an in-place algorithm, but is not a stable sort. Heapsort is a sorting technique …